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Topic

Steel

5 passages cited, from 4 classic reference works.

These works date from 1884–1915 and are in the public domain. They reflect the Protestant scholarship of their time: their history, archaeology and dates can be out of date, and where they interpret, other traditions read the text differently. The verses are shown in the King James Version, the wording these works were written against.

The verses

The passages the works cite, those cited by more of them first.

Jeremiah 15:12Easton · Smith · ISBE · Nave Strength of
Shall iron break the northern iron and the steel?
2 Samuel 22:35Easton · ISBE · Nave Bows of
He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms.
Job 20:24Easton · ISBE · Nave Bows of
He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall strike him through.
Psalms 18:34Easton · ISBE · Nave Bows of
He teacheth my hands to war, so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms.
Nahum 2:3Smith · ISBE
The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet: the chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his preparation, and the fir trees shall be terribly shaken.

In the reference works

Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897) · 4 references

The “bow of steel” in (A.V.) 2 Sam. 22:35; Job 20:24; Ps. 18:34 is in the Revised Version “bow of brass” (Heb. kesheth-nehushah). In Jer. 15:12 the same word is used, and is also rendered in the Revised Version “brass.” But more correctly it is copper (q.v.), as brass in the ordinary sense of the word (an alloy of copper and zinc) was not known to the ancients.

Smith's Bible Dictionary (1884) · 2 references

In all cases were the word "steel" occurs in the Authorized Version the true rendering of the Hebrew is "copper." Whether the ancient Hebrews were acquainted with steel is not perfectly certain. It has been inferred from a passage in (Jeremiah 15:12) that the "iron from the north" there spoken of denoted a superior kind of metal, hardened in an unusual manner, like the steel obtained from the Chalybes of the Pontus, the iron smiths of the ancient world. The hardening of iron for cutting instruments was practiced in Pontus, Lydia and Laconia. There is, however, a word in hebrew, paldah , which occurs only in (Nahum 2:3) (4) and is there rendered "torches," but which most probably denotes steel or hardened iron, and refers to the flashing scythes of the Assyrian chariots. Steel appears to have been known to the Egyptians. The steel weapons in the tomb of Rameses III., says Wilkinson, are painted blue, the bronze red.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915) · 5 references

stel: the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "brass" for "steel" in 2Sa 22:35; Job 20:24; Ps 18:34; Jer 15:12, and "steel" for "torches" in Na 2:3.

See BRASS.

In the topical indexes

Nave's Topical Bible (1896) · 4 references, grouped by sub-topic

→ Bows of 2Sa 22:35; Job 20:24; Ps 18:34
→ Strength of Jer 15:12
→ In each of the above references, the R. V. renders the translation as “brass.”

Texts: Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897); Smith's Bible Dictionary (1884); International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915); Nave's Topical Bible (1896), from the CrossWire SWORD modules (public domain). Verse references were parsed from the works' own markup and checked against the KJV verse list.

Steel

The verses

In the reference works

In the topical indexes

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